我国城镇社会保障均等化的省域差异及空间格局

Provincial Differences of Equalization and the Spatial Pattern of Urban Social Security in China

基于AHP层次模型构建了城镇社会保障均等化评价指标体系,应用2012年省级截面数据计算得到各省区社会保障均等化水平总指数以及社会救助、社会保险、社会福利、社会优抚四个子系统指数。应用空间统计方法分析其省域差异和空间分布格局,研究发现我国城镇社会保障水平呈现明显的东高西低态势,中部省区最低。社会保险、社会福利指数分布跟总指数趋同;社会救助、社会优抚指数在各省区差异不大;总指数具有显著的空间正自相关,东部的江苏、上海两省市和广东省分别形成两个保障水平极地;基于人均GDP加权的LISA分析显示西部诸省区显著高于中东部,河北、四川分别形成两个保障水平洼地。最后分析我国社会保障水平非均衡发展的原因并提出均衡发展的对策建议。

Based on AHP hierarchical model this paper built a 'urban social security equalization evaluation system',and calculated level of total social security equalization index and social relief,social insurance,social welfare,social special care and four sub-system index using 2012 provincial provinces sectional data. We use spatial statistics to analysis spatial distribution pattern regional difference. We found that the level of the urban social security showed significant trend east to the west,central provinces minimum. Social insurance,social welfare exponential trend with the same total index; social assistance,social special care index little difference in the provinces; overall index has a significant positive spatial autocorrelation,Jiangsu,Shanghai and Guangdong Province form two polar of protection level; the analysis based on per capita GDP weighted LISA display various provinces were significantly higher than in western and eastern,Hebei,Sichuan formed the depression of security levels. Finally,we analyze the reasons for the non-balanced development of the level of social protection and make suggestions balanced development.