城市低保与家庭减贫--基于CHIPS数据的实证分析

Urban Minimum Living Standard Security and Family Poverty Reduction:An Analysis Based on CHIPS Project

最低生活保障制度近十年来在发展中国家越来越受到重视。最低生活保障制度的设计也成为我国城市减贫的一个重要的手段,文章利用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002和2007两次大型的微观调查数据,从家庭层面对我国城市低保的减贫效果进行了全面分析。研究结果表明,2002年我国有8.70%的城镇家庭在低保救助下摆脱了贫困,家庭的贫困深度和贫困强度分别下降了9.7%和11.5%;2007年我国有59%的城镇家庭在低保救助下摆脱了贫困,家庭的贫困深度和贫困强度降幅分别达到79.2%和87.8%。目前城市低保的重点救助对象是单人户、单亲家庭、老年人口比重高、失业率高的家庭,以及有重度残疾者和体质虚弱者的家庭,上述特征与我国家庭结构小型化、养老负担加重、持续性失业和医疗卫生体制改革不到位有直接的关系。

As the labor market is not standardized and the coverage of social insurance is low,in recent decades the minimum living standard security system has gained more concern in developing countries. Based on Chinese Household Income Project( CHIP) 2002 and 2007,two large scale micro-survey data, this paper analyzed the poverty reduction effect of urban minimum living standard security from the family level comprehensively. The results show that in the help of urban minimum living standard,there were 8. 70% of urban households left out of poverty,poverty depth and intensity decreased by 9. 7% and 11. 5% respectively in 2002; there were 59% of urban households left out of poverty,the rate of poverty depth and intensity reached to 79. 2% and 87. 8%respectively in 2007. Currently the key subjects the urban minimum living standard security are single-person households, single-parent households, households with high proportion of aged persons,households with high unemployment rate as well as households with severely disabled and physically weak members,which is related to the household size shrinking,heavier burden of supporting the elderly,persistent unemployment and health care reform not in place.