社会保险与创业——基于中国微观调查的实证研究

Social Insurance and Entrepreneurship: Based on the Microscopic Investigation of China

社会保险由于提高了个体创业失败后的风险承担能力,对创业活动具有重要影响。使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)微观数据,本文评估了社会保险对于个人创业活动的影响。研究发现,社会保险参与显著提高了个人的创业概率,平均而言,参与社会保险将促使个人的创业概率提高2.1-2.5个百分点左右。社会保险参与对生存型创业与自我实现型创业的影响存在差异,对生存型创业的促进效应比较有限,而对自我实现型创业的促进效应十分明显,且失业保险、养老保险对于生存型创业的影响存在抑制效应,对于自我实现型创业的影响存在促进效应;但养老保险对于两种类型创业的影响均有促进作用;从中国目前的情况来看,失业保险对创业总的影响同时存在抑制效应与促进效应,而养老保险在过去双轨制下,对于居民创业有显著的正向影响效应。另外,提高参保率对个人创业概率的影响存在异质性,总的来说,受过更多教育和拥有更多社会网络以及体制内的个人,从提高参保率中获得了更多有助于创业的收益。

From the angle of how social insurance affects resident’ s entrepreneurial behavior, using Chinese General Social Survey ( CGSS ) 2006 -2011 micro data, trying to find how much the influence of social insurance for residents to personal career choice. The study find that: 1 ) the rise of total social insurance participation rate indeed promote entrepreneurial behavior effects. 2 ) There existed differences between the impact of social insurance participation on survival?type entrepreneurs and on self?realization entrepreneurship. The effect of promotion the survival?type entrepreneurship is limited, while the promoting the self?fulfilling type entrepreneurship is very obvious. And the impact of unemployment insurance and pension insurance on the survival?type business exists inhibiting effect, and on the self?fulfilling type business exists promotion effect. However, the impact of pension insurance on two types of entrepreneurs are positive. 3 ) The current situation in China, effects of unemployment insurance on the overall business presence inhibition effect and promoting effect at the same time. But in the past of dual track, the effect of pension insurance on entrepreneurship have a significant positive impact. On this basis, we believe that in order to further promote the self?fulfilling type entrepreneurship, after pension“merger”, to release more business space, the government should further improve the level of pensions insurance to some extent.