上海地区海员职业性外伤流行病学调查

Epidemiological Survey of Occupational Injuries among Seafarers in Shanghai

[目的]探讨上海地区海员职业性外伤分布特征。[方法]随机抽取上海地区475名海员 ,对其最近一次工作航行作流行病学调查。[结果]海员单部位伤的发生率和10万工作日外伤率分别为13.89 %和58.60/10万 ,明显高于多部位伤 (P<0.05) ,但其平均损失工作日 (7.06d/人 )低于多部位伤者 (11.57d/人 ) ;单部位伤的10万工作日外伤率外籍船船员 (34.50/10万 )低于中国籍船船员 (66.95/10万 ) (P<0.05)。不同吨位船只上的船员外伤的发生无明显差异 (P>0.05)。海员单部位伤的发生率和10万工作日外伤率随年龄升高而降低 (P<0.01) ,多部位伤的发生率和10万工作日外伤率在30岁以下和40～49岁年龄段较高。每天工作时间大于14h的海员外伤发生率和10万工作日外伤率升高明显(P=0.05或P<0.05)。[结论]为防止海员外伤的发生 ,建议改善其工作环境 ,加强职业卫生安全教育 ,并制定每天工作时间限值。

s:To explore the characteristics of distribution of occupational injuries among seafarers in Shanghai . 475 seafarers were randomly selected in Shanghai,and an epidemiological study on their latest working navigation was conducted. The prevalence and incidence rates per 100 thousand working days of minor injuries among seafarers were 13.89% and 58.60/10万,respectively.The incidence rate of minor injuries among seafarers working on foreign ships(34.50/10 5)was lower than on national ships(66.95/10 5)(P<0.05).The occurrence of injuries was no significant difference between different tonnages of ships.The prevalence and incidence rates of minor injuries among seafarers decreased with the increase of age(P<0.01),while those of serious injuries were higher in seafarers under the age of 30 and in their 40～49 years of age.These were higher prevalence and incidence rates among those seafarers whose working time exceeded 14 hrs(P=0.05 of P<0.05).[Conclusion] Our findings suggested that in order to prevent the occurrence of injuries among seafarers,it would be necessary to improve seafarers' working environment,enforce occupational health and safety education and set up a limit to working hours per day.