我国环境保护投融资体制优化路径研究

On How to Optimize the Investment and Financing System for Environmental Protection in China

我国目前的环境保护投融资体制仍然存在着投资结构不合理、权责划分不清晰和融资渠道难以有效拓展等困境。美国、日本和欧盟的环保投融资实践可以为我国提供一些经验:在传统终端治理的基础上,日趋强调对始端污染源的控制;以强制性的法律政策为基础,不断增强市场机制的作用;通过环境税收筹资,大力发展可持续环保产业。我国环保投融资体制的优化应该遵循如下路径:短期内由政府主导,通过法律法规的方式规范环保投融资主体的权责划分;中期内由政府和市场共同作用,通过环保税和排污权交易的方式推动污染治理由终端向始端转移;长期内由市场主导,通过环保产业的发展来不断完善现行的环保投融资体制。

The current investment and financing system for environmental protection in China still has some dilemmas,such as unreasonable investment structure,unclear division of powers and responsibilities,and difficulty in effectively expanding financing channels.The practice of environmental protection investment and financing in the United States,Japan and the European Union can provide some experience for our country:on the basis of traditional terminal governance,the control of pollution sources at the beginning is increasingly emphasized;on the basis of mandatory laws and policies,the role of market mechanism is continuously strengthened;and through environmental tax financing,the sustainable environmental protection industry is vigorously developed.The optimization of China’s environmental protection investment and financing system should follow these paths:in the short term,the government should take the lead and define the division of powers and responsibilities among the parties working on environmental protection investment and financing through provisions of laws and regulations;in the medium term,the government and the market should work together to shift the focus of pollution control from the terminal toward the beginning by means of environmental protection tax and emission right trading;and in the long term,the market plays a dominant role and the current investment and financing system for environmental protection is constantly improved through the development of the environmental protection industry.