洪水漫顶条件下涌浪越坝的试验研究

Experimental Study on Over-dam Surge under the Condition of Flood Overtopping

为研究洪水漫顶条件下涌浪叠加对大坝的作用,采用孤立波模拟涌浪,在波流水槽中进行水流漫顶情况下涌浪越坝过程的概化模型实验。通过概化的物理模型试验,获得了水流漫顶情况下涌浪越坝时迎水坝面和坝顶处的压力变化,同时得到了上方水面位移变化,并通过PIV测量的方法,得到整个涌浪越坝过程的流量变化,进而计算了涌浪越坝的水体总量,基于PIV测量结果得到的涌浪越坝水体总量与理论计算结果一致性较好。涌浪越坝过程中,迎水坝面的压强变化值从坝脚到坝顶,先逐渐增大,然后再逐渐减小。

A generalized physical model experiment on the study of water surge superposition impact on dam under the condition of overtopping flow was carried out in the wave-current sink, and the solitary wave was used to simulate water surge. Through the experiment, the pressure variation on the upstream side and top of the dam was measured, and water surface placement above the measure point of pressure was gauged at the same time. Based on PIV measurement,the discharge in the whole process of solitary wave overtopping the dam was evaluated, and then the water amount of surge overtopping dam was calculated, and the result matched well with the theoretical calculation. In the process of surge overtopping dam, the pressure variation in the upstream side increases first and then decreases from the dam bottom to the top.