CMADS数据集及其在流域水文模型中的驱动作用——以黑河流域为例

CMADS Datasets and Its Application in Watershed Hydrological Simulation:A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin

大气驱动场的质量一直是影响水文模型模拟结果的重要因素之一,较差的大气驱动场数据通过误差传递,使得水文模型输出结果的不确定性增加。我国幅员辽阔且地形复杂,而气象观测站点却相对稀缺,现有观测站点已不能满足大尺度水量、能量平衡过程的模拟研究工作。引入中国陆面同化系统强迫场CLDAS,建立CMADS数据集,以祁连山黑河流域为典型研究区,利用CMADSV 1.0版本数据集驱动SWAT模型,并对CFSR及传统气象站驱动SWAT的结果进行对比分析。通过对黑河流域3个水文控制站(莺落峡,祁连山及扎马什克)径流量进行率定与验证后发现:CMADS+SWAT模式径流输出结果总体优于CFSR+SWAT模式及TWS+SWAT模式的模拟结果,利用CMADS+SWAT模式亦可很好地反映黑河流域各类地表分量(如土壤湿度、融雪等)时空分布特征,表明CMADS数据集较传统气象站驱动大中尺度水文模型拥有更明显的优势,该数据集将为我国地面气象站缺乏区及无站区(如中国西部及我国大部分高寒山区等)的大气-水文耦合研究提供重要的气象数据保障。

The quality of atmospheric forcingdata is one of the most important factors in hydrological simulation. However, the outputuncertainty of hydrological models is increased by error propagation. Although the terrain of China is vast and complex, meteorological stations are scarce in contrast. The existing observation stations are unable to simulate large-scale hydrologicalsimulations( water, energy balance). The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model( CMADS) was established based on the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System( CLDAS) in this research. The Heihe River Basin was selected as the research area in this study. The CMADS, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis( CFSR) and the traditional weather station( TWS)were forcing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool( SWAT) model separately. According to the observation results obtained from three hydrological stations( Ying Luoxia, Qilian Mountains, and Zha Mashenke) in the Heihe River Basin, the runoff simulated by the CMADS data overall was better than the simulation results driven by the CFSR and the TWS. The CMADS + SWAT mode can reproduce the spatial and temporal response characteristics of all surface components( such as soil moisture, snow melting, etc) in the Heihe River basin. We conclude that the CMADS data have obvious advantages for large-scale coupling atmospheric and hydrologic, hydrological process simulation. The CMADS will provides an important meteorological data support for the coupling atmospheric and hydrologic,especially in areas where lack meteorological observation stations( such as the northwest and alpine regions of China).