广东省大型水库富营养化现状与水质管理对策

Eutrophication and Water Quality Management of Large Reservoirs in Guangdong Province

为了解广东省大型水库水体富营养化特征,于2014年10月至2015年1月分丰水期和枯水期采集了全省33座大型水库水样,测定了水体总磷、总氮和叶绿素浓度等,调查了水库污染来源,分析了水库富营养化状况及发展趋势。结果显示,除新丰江水库和罗坑水库处于贫营养状态外,其他水库均处于中营养或富营养状态;尽管全省水库磷浓度已相对历史调查已有较大的提高,磷仍是全省水库藻类生长的主要限制因子;与2000年相比,全省绝大部分大型水库富营养化程度呈上升趋势,其中跨行政区域的水库富营养化进程最快;禽畜养殖、网箱养殖、农业和林业面源污染以及水土流失是全省水库的主要污染源。

To understand the eutrophication of large reservoirs in Guangdong province, 33 large reservoirs were investigated in wet and dry seasons from 2014 to 2015, and the physic-chemical parameters including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll were measured. Meanwhile, we calculated trophic state index and demonstrated the eutrophic tendency from 2000 to 2015, and analyzed the main pollution sources. The results showed that all reservoirs were meso-eutrophic or eutrophic except for Xinfengjiang Reservoir and Luokeng Reservoir. In spite of general increase in phosphorus loading, the phosphorus was still the factor limiting algal growth. Almost all reservoirs showed a clear increase in eutrophication by TSI in 2015 compared to the TSI in 2000. Livestock culture, cage culture,runoff pollution and soil erosion are the main pollution sources for large reservoirs of Guangdong Province.