水质认知局限及其对新时期水资源管理的启示

Cognitive Limitations on Water Quality and Its Implications for Water Resources Management

质量是水资源的基本属性之一,水质之优劣,是一种客观存在,具有客观性。但是,水质需要依靠感觉器官或仪器设备去监测,并依据人定的评价标准去评价才能得出,导致水质认知具有一定的主观性。受监测和认知能力、立场、所选评价标准的影响,水质的主观认知与客观现实并非总可以达到一致,而其矛盾往往成为水环境危机和健康公害事件的根源。分析了监测和认知能力、利益相关体立场、人定评价标准等因素对水质认知的影响,在此基础上探讨了生态文明新时期水资源管理和水环境保护的对策。

Quantity and quality are two basic attributes of water resources. The abundance or scarcity of water amount, as well as the good or bad of water quality, is just some kind of objective existence. However, we need to rely on sensory organs or equipments to monitor the quality of water, and we also need to evaluate it according to certain evaluation criteria, therefore water quality has a certain subjective perception, and may be subject to various restrictions. Affected by the monitoring and cognitive ability, the different stakeholder role, the selected evaluation criteria, people's subjective cognition of water quality and the objective reality cannot always reach consensus, while the contradictions often become the sources of water environmental crisis and public health hazards. This paper analyzed the influences of the monitoring and cognitive ability, the different stakeholder role and the selected evaluation criteria on the quality cognition of water resources, investigated its implications for the water resources management and water environmental protection and put forward several important countermeasures for the new era of ecological civilization.