施用硫肥对几种作物与牧草产量和硫素含量的影响

Effect of sulfur fertilization on yield production and sulfur content of crops and pasture in north China

为了研究不同作物的需S状况 ,对我国北方 3种主要农作物 (小麦、玉米、油菜 )和牧草 (苜蓿 )进行了 5个施硫水平 (0、5、1 0、2 0和 40mg·kg- 1 )的盆栽试验 .结果表明 ,增施一定量的硫肥可以提高作物生物量和产量 ,4种作物生物量增加 5 %～ 32 % ,小麦和油菜籽粒产量增加 3 %～ 2 0 % .同时 ,增施硫肥可以使作物体内S素增加 ,但不同作物含硫量明显不同 ,油菜含硫量最高 (0 .479%～ 1 .2 2 8% ) ,玉米含硫量最低 (0 .0 4 3 %～ 0 .0 91 % ) .同一作物不同部位含硫量不同 ,但同一作物不同部位含硫量呈显著的线性正相关 .如油菜Ⅰ、油菜Ⅱ和小麦植株与其种子含硫量的相关性都达极显著水平 ,R2 值分别为 0 .399、0 .654和 0 .547(n =1 5) .作物生物量、产量与施硫量相关性除苜蓿外 ,都达显著或极显著水平 ;作物生物量、产量与作物体内硫素含量除苜蓿外也显著或极显著相关 ;作物从土壤中吸收的S开始时随土壤的有效硫增加而增加 ,但达到一定程度时 。

Pot experiment on 3 crops (wheat, corn, oilseed rape) and a pasture (clover) under 5 levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg·kg -1 ) of sulfur (S) was carried out to study S application on yield production, S contents and their relationship of these crops. The results showed that under S application, the biomass of four plants increased by 5～32%, and the grain yield increased by 3～20%. The contents of S varied with different corps, for example, the content of S in the oilseed rape was the highest (0.479～1.228%), and that in corn was the lowest (only 0.043 ～0.091%). The contents of S in different plant parts of the same crop had a positive correlation with content of S application. Both the biomass and grain yield for all the crops except the clover had a close correlation with the content of S application. With available S in the soils increased, the amount of S absorbed by crops was increased at the beginning, and then decreased after reached the peak.