豚草卷蛾的生态适应性及其风险评价

Ecological adaptability and application safety of Epiblema strenuana as a biocontrol agent against ragweed

豚草卷蛾是害草豚草和银胶菊的重要天敌 .本文就该虫生态适应性、对目标杂草的控制效能、引进与释放的安全性评价作了综述 .豚草卷蛾具有严格的寄主专一性 ,所有田间选择性寄主均局限于豚草亚族 ,而对向日葵和菊花仅表现为随机风险 (风险值 <0 .0 1 )或 0风险 ;生态适应性强 ,适宜发育的温度为 1 5～ 35℃ ,越冬虫态的低温下限为 - 8～ - 1 2℃ ;种群增长快 ,能在豚草和苍耳上分别以 2 3和 4倍的速度增长 ;控制能力强 ,大量感染时田间寄主的平均虫瘿达到每株 2 0～ 30头 ,营养生长前期 5 .2虫瘿可使植株死亡 ,营养生长后期 2 6个虫瘿可使植株致死 ,释放后 1 2个月内扩散区域超过 1 0 0km ;对释放地天敌苍耳螟不构成竞争 ,是控制豚草和银胶菊的有效天敌 ,可以安全应用 .

Epiblema strenuana is the most important natural enemy against Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Parthenium hysterophorus .In this paper,its ecological adaptability and application risk as a biological agent against ragweed was analyzed and reviewed. Epiblema strenuana had a restrict host specificity, with all the field hosts belonging to Ambrosiinae, and its selective risk on sunflower and chrysanthemum was less than 0.01 or/and zero (no risk). 15～35 ℃ was the suitable temperature regimes for E. strenuana to develop, and lower constraint temperature could reach -8～-12 ℃. The population size of this insect could increase 23 and 4 times on A. artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Xanthium sibiricum after each generation, respectively. In the field, the infected plants had an average of 20～30 galls per plant, and died with 5.2 and 26 galls before and after rosette stage.The spread distance of this moth within 12 months after release was more than 100 km. It indicated that E.strenuana was an effective and safe agent for cereal and economic crops, ornamental plants, and indigenous natural enemy in the introduced region.