美国科技资源与产出的结构特征分析

The Analysis of Structure Features in American Science and Technlolgy Resources and Output

美国是当今世界上综合科技实力最强的国家 ,分析美国的科技资源和科技产出的结构特征 ,对于同样是大国的中国的科技资源的优化配置、高技术产业的加快发展具有重要的借鉴意义。本文着重对美国科技人力资源的来源结构、研发活动的主体结构、专利的领域结构 ,以及高技术产业的发展 ,进行了分析。指出 :美国拥有世界最雄厚的科技人力资源 ,但对外籍科学家和工程师的依赖性较强 ;美国的研发活动的主体结构已发生了较大的变化 ,企业是试验与发展和应用研究的主体 ,高校和政府科研机构是基础研究的主体 ;美国在制药、空间、电子等方面居世界领先地位 ;美国的高技术产业国际竞争力强大。

USA. is a country of a strongest comprehensive science strength in the world. China,the same as a large country like USA,can use America by analyzing its structure features for reference to improve the allocation of S&T resources and develop the hi-tech industry. This essay emphasizes on the analysis of source structure,the main part of R&D,patents location and the development of hi-tech industry,then points out:though owning powerful S&T human resources,USA mostly relies on foreign scientists and engineers. The main part of R&D has changed. The enterprises have become the main part of experience development and applied research,the universities and government scientific research institutions being the main part of basic research. USA is in the lead of pharmacy,space,and electric technology etc.,and it has a strong international competitive power in hi-tech industry.