少数民族人权法律保障问题的经验交流

Exchange of Experience on the Legal Protection of Minority Human Rights

少数民族人权的法律保障应立足于对其权利体系进行界定和分类的基础之上。清晰地界定权利,并依据权利的种类、性质和特点进行对应性保护,才能保证法律的实效与权利保护的需求相适应,同时避免保护失效、出现'特权'、反向歧视、立法资源浪费等后果。首先应区分少数民族享有的'普遍权利'与'特别权利';其次应区分少数民族人权的'共同领域'与'分立领域';最后应对少数民族'集体人权'概念作进一步分析研究。少数民族集体人权的实现通常面临以下两个问题:一是如何对群体进行合理界定;二是集体权利如何表达和实现。

The legal protection for minority nationality human rights should be based on the definition and classification of rights system.Only defining the rights clearly and giving the corresponding protection according to the types,nature and features of the rights can the effectiveness of law be ensured to accord with the protection of the rights,and protection failure,"privilege",reverse discrimination,and a waste of legislation resources be prevented.Firstly,the distinction should be made between"universal rights"and"special rights"enjoyed by minority nationality;Secondly the distinction should be made between the"common field"of minority nationality human rights and the"discrete field"of it;thirdly,the concept of the"collective human rights"of minority nationality is in need of being further analyze.The realization of collective human rights of minority nationality is often faced with two problems:one is how to reasonably definite groups,the other is how to express and achieve the collective rights.