独立、合理、救济:完善强制医疗程序的着力点——对欧洲人权法院2012年度案例Xv.Finland的评析及启示

Independence, Rational, Relief : Focus Point onHow to Improve Compulsory Treatment Procedure—Analysis and Enlightenment of the XV Finland Annual Caseby the European Court of Human Rights 2012

X v.Finland一案入选欧洲人权法院2012年年度报告。该案的争议焦点在于,对一名因涉嫌在绑架案件中起到教唆、支持作用的儿科医生采取强制医疗限制其人身自由以及对其强制注射药物的事实是否符合欧洲人权公约的有关规定。欧洲人权法院经过审理,最终认定上述事实因未能适当地保障公民的人权免受任意侵犯而违背了欧洲人权公约。欧洲人权法院对该案的裁判意见建立了对强制医疗程序的三点司法标准:一是强制医疗决定程序的独立性及专业性。二是强制医疗程序抗辩判断的有因性和合理性标准。三是违背公民意愿的治疗行为必须具备法律授权且可寻求司法救济。据此,我国强制医疗程序应在三个方面探索完善的具体举措:一是完善强制医疗决定程序的专业性和独立性。二是完善强制医疗执行机构的法律地位和履职保障。三是建立强制医疗决定执行过程中的司法救济程序。

The X v.Finland case was chosen into annual reports of 2012 by the European court of human rights.The focus of the case is that whether it breaks the human rights protection rules ofConvention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the fact that a man,who was forced to accept medical treatment and drug injection to limit his freedom,which was exact the pediatrician who was suspected to abet and support criminals in a kidnapping case.After heard by the European court of human rights,the fact that local human rights was not protected well from harm was finally firmly believed,which breaks article 5 paragraph 1 number 5 rules aboututhe lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases,persons of unsound mind^andarticle 8u There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise for the protectionof the rights and freedoms of others),of Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.