传统中国文化视域中当代权利观念的反思与重构

A Reflection and Re-conceptualization of Modern Conception of Rights in Perspective of Old China Culture

传统中国文化的典型特征是以伦理为本位,故而无法孕育独立个人与相应权利观念。然而,现代西方占主导地位的自由主义权利观念同样在理论和实践两个方面困难重重。考察传统中国文化可以发现,在分配正义问题上传统农耕中国社会存在诸多行之有效的制度和实践,巧妙地发挥着现代个人权利观念的同样功能。更重要的是,在规范层面,传统中国文化为反思和重构现代自由主义权利观念提供了概念和规范性指导,即必须将不完全义务作为更为适当的探究权利观念的起点和依据。

In historical China culture is ethic-based,which could not come out the conception of individual and rights.Liberal conception of rights dominated by modern western culture,however,is conceptually incoherent and will bring about absurd results.From the perspective of historical China culture,despite the lack of the concept of citizen and the corresponding rights system,historical China had realized distributive justice by a unique method within the two communities of the state and villages in more or less just,systematic and effective way,avoiding the failure of liberal conception of rights.Furthermore,in a normative sense,historical China culture adds up a concept by which reflecting modern liberal conception of rights,i.e.non-perfect duty should be a suit base to study rights.