论人权之正义根基与价值品格:中道

Mean: The Justice Base and Value of Human Rights

从法哲学视角来看,'人权'这种建构的本质是对人欲的中道规制。近代以前主流正义论,从德性高于欲望的理念出发,对人欲的正常发展和满足普遍持限制甚至是压制态度。这导致人欲受限过度,人类物质生活的整体质量水平过低,与中道的正义观相悖。诞生于近代西方的人权概念,是对这种不正义状态的根本反动或矫正,极大地推动了人欲的普遍满足,但也带来矫枉过正的风险。当'人权'观念被偏狭理解为'私欲至上'时,会减损国家和法律(人权的最根本保障)之权威,对人权实现无疑是'自毁长城'。只有坚守'德性与欲望''欲望和法律''国家与人'关系的中道正义,方可实现人权的初衷:人的普遍自由。

From the view of legal philosophy,the nature to construct'human rights'is to balance human desire through mean.In modern times,people’s most desires were suppressed excessively by the Justice theory.This state of satisfaction of human desire is extremely unbalanced,and violate mean.The concept of human rights born in the modern west is a radical reaction or correction to this state,and promotes universal satisfaction of human desire greatly,but also increased the risk of overcorrecting.When the concept of human rights was interpreted as'supremacy of lust',it will reduce the authority of state and statutory(the most fundamental guarantee of human rights),and obstruct the achievement of human rights.Only by adhering to mean relationship of'desire and statutory','state and human',it may be possible to achieve the purpose of human rights,which means universal freedom of human.