安徽省2002年小学新生预防接种状况调查

Investigation on Preventive Inoculation Status of New Primary School Students in 2002 in Anhui Province

为了解安徽省 2 0 0 2年小学新生预防接种状况 ,采用横断面调查方法对城乡部分小学一年级新生的预防接种记录进行了调查。在合肥市和天长市共调查了 5所小学的 812名 2 0 0 2年入学新生。结果显示 ,只有合肥市城区小学建立了查验预防接种证制度 ,5所小学只有 4 8 2 8%的新生持有预防接种证 ,17 11%的新生既无预防接种证又无预防接种卡 ,城区学生预防接种证持有率 >90 %。而在农村只有 13 6 5 %新生家长保存预防接种证 ,72 98%的农村新生能从乡级卫生院查找到预防接种记录。城郊小学流动儿童占 36 2 1% ,流动儿童预防接种证持有率较低 ,所有乡级卫生院均无流动儿童的预防接种记录。新生的平均卡痕率为 84 85 %。城区常住儿童 92 86 %接种过卡介苗 (BCG) ,除白喉百日咳破伤风联合疫苗 (DPT)外 ,口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV)、麻疹疫苗 (MV)和乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗全程接种率均 >80 % ;农村常住儿童虽有近 90 %接种过BCG、OPV、DPT、MV ,但OPV、DPT、MV的全程接种率只有 30 %多 ,有 6 3 37%的新生未接种乙肝疫苗。流动儿童各种疫苗接种率均较低 ,BCG的接种率为16 2 8% ,接种过OPV、MV、DPT和乙肝疫苗的儿童 <5 0 % ,而上述疫苗的全程接种率更低 ,城郊和农村的流动儿童基本上无接种疫苗记录。

In order to know about the new primary school students’ immunization status in 2002 in Anhui Province,the immunization records of all first grade new students were surveyed with cross-sectional study in 5 primary schools including 812 new students in Hefei city(2 primary schools, one in city one in suburb)and Tiancheng city(3 rural primary schools). The results showed that the system of checking immunization status of all students entering primary school was only set up in urban schools of Hefei city.Only 48.28% of the new students had immunization records in their families in 5 schools,17.11% new students had no any records in their families and in township hospitals.The holding rate of immunization records in their families reached over 90% in urban primary schools,but in rural schools,only 13.65% students’ parents kept immunization records.The immunization records of 72.98% of rural news students could be found in township hospitals.Floating children in suburb schools accounted for 36.21%,the holding rate of immunization records of them was low.All township hospitals had no any immunization records for the floating children.The positive rate of BCG scar in all new students was 84.85%.Among resident children of urban schools,92.86% students were immunized with BCG,the full-course coverage rates of OPV,MV and hepatitis B vaccine were over 80% except DPT.Among resident children of rural schools,although over 90% students were immunized with BCG,OPV,DPT and MV,the full-course coverage rates of these vaccines were less than 40% and 63.37% students were not inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine.There were low immunization coverage rates among the floating children,only 16.28% students were vaccinated with BCG and less than 50% students were inoculated with OPV,MV DPT and hepatitis B vaccine.We recommend to establish the immunization checking system in suburb and rural schools.The immunization management measures for the floating children should be worked out in Anhui Province.Immunization record establishment,hepatitis B vaccination and booster immunization of OPV,MV and DPT all should be strengthened in rural areas.