昆明地区四种蛙血红细胞微核与环境质量关系

Relationships Between Micronucleus in Blood Cells for Four Frog Species and Environment Quality at Different Sites in Kunming Area

用采自昆明金殿-世博园周围、松花坝水库、西郊花红洞、马街和安宁温泉5个点的滇蛙、昭觉林蛙、华西蟾蜍和大蹼铃蟾的红细胞微核实验检测采样点水样的致突变性。研究结果表明,同一采集点中,不同种类蛙对相同环境污染的敏感性不同。滇蛙对环境的敏感性较高。滇蛙较其他种类分布广、数量多,易于采集,因此它可以作为监测水体污染较为理想的指示生物。对不同采集点蛙的微核率差异显著性(X2)检验表明,昆明金殿-世博园和花红洞的生境质量较好。森林、农田和鱼塘3种不同小生境中几种蛙的平均微核率分别为1.06‰、4.26‰和4.80‰,该结果与3种生境污染程度的高低有关。最后就各生境采集到的蛙的种类、数量及生境状况等综合指标探讨了昆明地区的环境质量。

Four species of frogs, including Rana pleuranden, Rana chaochiaoensis, Bufo andrewsi and Bombina maxima, were collected from five localities, i.e. around Jindian Park and EXPO Garden, Songhuaba Reservoir, Huahongdong of Kunming west suburb, Majie Town, and Hot Spring Town of Anning. The cell nucleus mutation induced by water pollution was examined through an experiment of micronucleus tests of blood cells. An aim of the experiment was to study relationships between micronucleus in blood cells of four frogs and environment quality of Kunming Area. It has been found that the four species exhibited different sensitivity towards water pollution in the same place. The results showed Rana pleuranden was the most sensitive one among four species. This frog species population distributed in different niches widely; its individuals were abundant and could be collected easily, therefore it may be regarded as an ideal living thing to monitor the qualities of environment. According to variance analysis (X2) of red cell micronucleus ratio among different localities, it was indicated that the environment qualities of around Jindian and EXPO Garden and Huahongdong of west suburb were better than that of other three localities. Average ratio of micronucleus for four species in forest, farmland and fishpond were 1.06‰、4.26‰and 4.80‰, respectively. It meant that there was a higher frequency of micronucleus in farmland and fishpond. The phenomenon was caused by water pollution related to pesticide and chemical combination. Finally, environment qualities were estimated synthetically according to the species and individuals number collected from different localities, their habitat conditions.