鄱阳湖平原湖泊水生植物群落的多样性

Community Diversity of Aquatic Plants in the Lakes of Poyang Plain District of China

研究了鄱阳湖平原湖泊水生植物群落类型多样性、群落物种多样性指数、群落盖度与生物量,探讨了主要优势种的繁殖策略及多样性保护的有效途径.结果表明:鄱阳湖平原湖泊现有水生植物群丛42个,其中湿生植被群丛11个、挺水植被群丛6个、浮水植被与沉水植被群丛分别为11和14个;在湿生类型中,分布面积最大的群丛为灰化苔草群丛,其次是"荻+芦-灰化苔草群丛"和"艹鬲鸟草+马蓝群丛";在沉水类型中,分布面积最大的是密齿苦草群丛,其次为菹草群丛、"竹叶眼子菜+穗花狐尾藻群丛"与"野菱+双角菱群丛";群落物种多样性指数最高的是"野菱+双角菱群丛"与"菰+野菱群丛",其次为"野菱+双角菱-密齿苦草群丛"和菰群丛;在所有群丛类型中,以灰化苔草群丛的盖度最大,以菰群丛的生物量最高;有效的繁殖策略是灰化苔草、密齿苦草、菹草等主要优势种在强烈的人为干扰压力下依然分布广阔的根本原因;多样性保护的有效途径是政府部门的行政干预和经费投入.

The association type diversity, community species diversity, community coverage and biomass of aquatic plants in the fresh water lakes of Poyang Plain District of China were studied in the paper. Both the propagation strategies of the main dominant species and effective approaches for diversity protection were also discussed. The main results are given as follows: (1) Forty two associations of aquatic plants in the lakes were found in 2001, which include 11 amphibian, 6 emergent, 11 leaffloating and 14 submerged associations; (2) It was found that among the amphibian associations the distribution area of Carex cinerascens Ass. is the largest, that Miscanthus sacchariflorus + Phragmites communisn - Carex cinerascens Ass. and Phalaris arundinacea + Kalimeris indica Ass. have the second and third largest distribution area among the same associations, but for the submerged associations, the first one is Vallisneria denseserrulata Ass. and the immediately following associations are Potamogeton crispus Ass., Potamogeton. Malaianus + Myriophyllum spicatum Ass. and Trapa incisa + T. bispinosa Ass., respectively; (3) Trapa incisa + T. bispinosa Ass. and Zizania latifolia - Trapa incisa Ass. display the highest species diversity indices in the associations, and Trapa incisa + T. bispinosa - Vallisneria denseserrulata Ass. and Zizania latifolia Ass. are the second and third highest one in diversity indices;(4) Among all the associations, Carex cinerascens Ass. and Zizania latifolia Ass. possess the highest coverage and highest biomass, respectively;(5) It was concluded that effective propagation strategies of the main dominant species are the basic reason for their wide distribution in the lakes even under intense human disturbance, and that sufficient participation of the government in fund and administration is considered to be an effective approach for diversity protection in the lakes.