我国北方土地荒漠化成因与草业发展研究

Study on the Land Desertification Causes and the Grass Industry in North China

土地荒漠化是当今世界重要的生态环境问题 ,也是脆弱生态系统失去平衡而急需治理的国土整治问题。笔者认为 ,土地荒漠化的发生虽然是自然因素和人类活动共同作用的结果 ,但非可持续性的人类活动是加剧土地荒漠化的主导因素。从分析荒漠化发生的社会经济原因入手 ,阐述发展草业在保护生态与环境、发展西部经济中的重要地位。以此为突破口 ,提出完善软环境体系、创新草业发展机制、加强管理和强化目标责任制对策措施。

Land Desertification means the land degradation caused by various factors including climate change and human activities in the arid, semi arid and semi humid regions. It makes the succession of the vegetation and morphology in these regions be out of health, the area of usable lands and the productive forces and biomass of lands reduce, and the agricultural production conditions deteriorate. Currently, land desertification is one of the most serious ecological environment problems in the world, and is also an urgent issue for regenerating the vulnerable ecosystems in arid areas. The authors consider that human activities are the dominant factors aggravating land desertification although it is caused by both natural and artificial factors. This paper discusses the important status of developing grass industry in protecting the ecology and environment as well as developing the economy in west China. Some measures are put forward for consummating the soft environment system, innovating the development mechanism of grass industry, strengthening the management and intensifying the target duty.