新疆博斯腾湖水污染特点分析

Analysis on the Water Pollution in Bosten Lake, Xinjiang

通过实地调查和对监测资料的分析 ,对博斯腾湖水质污染的特点进行了讨论。结果显示 :(1)造成博斯腾湖水质污染的主要原因是大量农田排盐水入湖 ,导致湖水污染 ;(2 )博斯腾湖污染最严重的区域是黄水区 ,主要超标物是可溶盐、COD和氨氮 ;(3)污染物入湖量最大的时间是 7～ 9月 ,入湖污染物约占全年入湖量的一半 ;(4 )博斯腾湖水质的污染主要是几个大排水渠引起的 ,它们的排放量占全部排水渠排放量的 80 %以上。同时 ,根据博斯腾湖水污染的特点 ,提出了农业发展和水环境保护的具体措施。

In the arid and semi arid areas, the reliant degree of the social and economic development to water resources is very high. While developing the regional society and economy, the resulted water pollution causes many ecological and environmental problems and brings about some serious impacts on the regional economic sustainable development and human's living environment. Therefore, the regeneration of the damaged ecosystems and the protection of the aqueous environment in the lacustrine areas in arid regions have been paid a great attention to by the international communities and many scientists. Located in Xinjiang, the Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China, and is an important water source on which the people of the various nationalities in the Yanqi Basin and in the areas along the Kongque River and the lower reaches of Tarim River rely for existence. However, the ecological environmental problems in the lacustrine area of Bosten Lake become serious day by day. In this paper, the characteristics of water pollution of the Bosten Lake are analyzed based on the field investigation and the observed data. The results are as follows: (1) The water pollution of the Bosten Lake is mainly caused by the inflow of the discharged water from farmlands; (2) The most serious polluted area is the Huangshui Area of the Bosten Lake, and the pollutants are mainly soluble salts, COD and ammonia nitrogen; (3) The third quarter is the main season of discharging the pollutants into the Bosten Lake, and the quantity of the pollutants discharged in this season occupies about half of the total annual one; (4) The water pollution of the Bosten Lake is mainly caused by the discharged pollutants from the main escape canals, and the quantity of the discharged pollutants from these main escape canals occupies over 80% of the total. Meanwhile, some measures are put forward for developing agriculture and protecting the aqueous environment.