小议激光技术在文物清洗中的危害与相应防护对策

On the Damage Laser Technology Brings for Relics Cleaning and the Countermeasures

激光因其高能量的优势,逐步成文物清洁中的一把利器。自20世纪70年代至今,国际上多次举行的激光用于艺术品保护国际会议(LACONA)使激光技术在艺术品保护领域得到了长足的发展。近些年,国内也逐步开始对石质文物、金属文物、以及墓葬、建筑、纸张等各种类型的文化遗产进行保护清洗研究和探索,取得了一些成效。但也因其高辐射能量的灼蚀性,在对文物进行激光清洗时,极容易忽视激光清洗对人体和工作环境造成的有害作用。笔者在处理鎏金青铜器时所见明显的激光辐射影响,在清洗石质文物表面时产生残屑飞溅拥有最直观的感受。希望通过本文,强调在文物激光清洗过程中,必须通过加强激光安全阈值的设定、安全警示的设置、个人防护的配备、正当规范的使用以及适用的行业标准等措施将间接危害的程度降到最低。希望从事文化遗产保护行业的工作人员,在进行激光清洗时,能充分认识到其对自身的危害所在,并在必要的防护下,将这一快速有效的清洗方式在文化遗产保护中发挥重要的作用。

Laser is gradually becoming a useful tool of relics cleaning because of its advantage of high energy.Since the 1970s,the International Conference(LACONA)held to discuss the laser used for relics protection has made a great development that laser technology used in relics protection areas.For the past few years,we have made some progress of researching and exploring the cleaning protection to various type of cultural heritage such as stone relics,metal relics,tombs,construction and paper,etc.However,because of the corrosion of the high radiation of the laser,it is easily to ignore the harm the laser cleaning did to people and the working environment when doing laser cleaning to the relics.The author has witnessed the obvious laser radiation reflection when cleaning the gold bronze,had the direct observation watching debris flying when cleaning the surface of the stone relics.The author would like to point out that during the laser cleaning of the relics,we must minimize the indirect harm through enhancing the setting of the security threshold and safety warning,equipping personal protection equipment,using the proper specification and introducing the applicable industry standards.We hope the personnel who work for relics protection could fully realize the damage of laser cleaning could bring,and with necessary protection,could make this fast and effective cleaning methods play an important role in heritage protection.