秦陵铜车马彩绘装饰工艺源流探索研究

The Exploration and Research on the Development of the Decorative Art for the Qinling Bronze Chariots

本文通过对中国古代青铜器装饰工艺中彩绘工艺的梳理。认为在青铜器上施彩作为装饰可以分为四类:1是在纹饰阴线部位填漆,使纹路更加清晰;2是将髹漆与磨错工艺结合,在錾槽内不嵌金银,而填以漆;有的既嵌金银,又在未嵌金银处填漆。3是直接在素面铜器表面进行髹漆着色。4是将矿物颜料与漆搅拌均匀后,以矿物颜料为主进行施彩。而第4类方式在秦陵铜车马和铜水禽上还有所创新,即铜车马彩绘是以白色物质为底层,在底层之上,再进行彩绘。铜水禽还对底层和彩绘层进行了雕刻,使装饰图案具有立体的效果。只是它们出现于秦末汉初青铜器的铸造已经明显衰落的时期,因此,不可能广泛流行于世。但是尽管如此,作为一种青铜器的装饰工艺还是应该引起大家重视。

Through the analysis of the decorative process on the bronze wares in ancient China,it can be divided into four categories:1.Filled up the scribed lines with lacquer to make the lines clearer.2.Filled up the scribed lines with gold、silver and lacquer,then polished to make the lines clearer.3.It is painted with lacquer on the surface of the bronzes directly.4.After mixing mineral pigment and lacquer,then painted them on the surface of bronzes.About the fourth method,there are some new innovations on the decoration.On Qinling chariots,the deeper layer is white pigment.the upper layer is color pigment,.On bronze waterfowls,it is sculptured on the painted layers to make them three-dimensional effect.However this technology appeared in the decline period of bronze,so it could not be used widely.Even so,we should put more attentions on this bronze decorative art.