殷墟王陵區人祭坑與卜辭所見“羌祭”及“殺牲法”研究

A Study to the Human Sacrificial Pits at the Yinxu RoyalCemetery and the Qiang People Recorded in the OracleBone Inscriptions Concerning the Victim Killing in RitualPerformance

人殉人祭是商史研究中的重要問題之一。長期以來,甲骨學者的研究多集中于利用卜辭中的文例、語境來研究商代人殉人祭所涉祭名與祭法,考古學家則只注重對田野發掘中所獲人祭遺骸進行觀察與描述。基於1976年安陽殷墟王陵區發掘的191座商代人祭坑材料,本文嘗試將實物遺存與甲骨文中的祭祀卜辭關聯起來,探討商代'羌祭'祖先的問題以及祭祖過程中部分'殺牲法'的真實含義。

The using of human sacrifice in ritual performance in Shang China is one of the critic questions in the studies of the history of Shang Dynasty.It has been long that the experts of the oracle bone inscriptions usually focus on understanding the worshiping terminologies and the ways of killing in the context of writing information,field archaeologists on the other hand,pay more attention to the descriptions of the skeleton remains unearthed in sacrificial pits.Based on the data of human remains buried in 191 sacrificial pits at the royal cemetery in Yinxu,the capital site of Shang,this paper,aims to explore the using of Qiang(羌)people and the ways of killing recorded in oracle bone inscriptions.