清代的後山詩評與詩史定位

Comments on Houshan Poetry and Its Position in the History of Poems during the Qing Dynasty

陳師道的詩在宋代的評價十分正面,元代方回更力舉爲江西三宗之一,明代則其人其詩,毁譽參半。至清代,後山詩鮮見好評,論者指爲惡詩、鈍根、枯槁、無味,乾隆間,只紀昀間有持平之論。到近代,同光體詩人纔將他放入中國古典詩歌的源流發展中,作風格的正面肯定,予以唐宋詩史的重要席位。本文擬考察清代以來的後山詩接受史,希望釐出有清一代,後山詩在衆多的負面評價中流傳下來的曲折過程,對清代宋詩學的研究作重要補充。

The poems of Chen Shidao(Houshan)received very positive reviews during the Song Dynasty.Honored by Fang Hui during the Yuan Dynasty as one of the Three Masters of the Jiangxi Poetry School,Chen was hailed as one of the best emulators of Du Fu.Song Poetry,especially the style of the Jiangxi School,was belittled during the Ming Dynasty.Chen's poems,being examined through their emulation of Du Fu,received both criticism and praise.Chen was rarely acclaimed during the Qing Dynasty.His poems were denounced as awkward,slow-witted,withered and dull.During the reign of Qianlong,Ji Yun was arguably the only one who occasionally made fair comments on his work.It was not until the early modern period that Chen's style was recognized by the Tong Guang poets as having an important place in the history of Tang and Song poetry.This paper endeavors to explore the history of reception of Chen's poems since the Qing Dynasty,aiming to trace the course of transmission of Chen's poetry in the midst of all the negative reviews.Hopefully this will contribute an important supplementary dimension to the study of Song poetics in the Qing Dynasty.