園林與隱逸——六朝文學之新思考

Garden and Seclusion:New Thinking of Six Dynasties Literature

園林是六朝一個普遍的文化現象;隱逸是六朝一個普遍的社會現象;而六朝衆多的寫景詩、文、賦中,園林更是一個常見的描寫對象,以致形成園林文學的類型。事實上,園林、隱逸、園林文學,三者之間的關係密不可分——園林,是士人隱逸思想及相關文學創作的文化載體;士人的隱逸思想,既是園林興起的主要原因,也往往借助園林得以滋長及呈現;園林文化以及借助園林滋長與呈現的士人隱逸思想訴諸筆墨,便形成了六朝興盛一時的園林文學。六朝文人希冀通過園林這一文化載體,以達到避塵世、脫世俗、寄情於山水、嚮往原始自然生活狀態的理想境界,從而獲得心靈的恬靜安適。而這一切,在六朝的園林文學中得到頗爲充分的表現。

Seclusion is socially common,while gardening is culturally common in the Six Dynasties. In many of the scenery descriptive poems,gardens are the objects usually portrayed,thus formed the style of gardening literature. In fact,seclusion,gardens and gardening literature are closely related to each other. Garden is the cultural carrier of seclusion ideology and is related to literature creation;the seclusion ideology generates the popularity of gardens,and in the same time develops and presents through gardening. When seclusion ideology evolves by gardens is converted to writings,it commences the prosperity of gardening literature in the Six Dynasties. Through the gardens as cultural carrier,the literati in the Six Dynasties expect to live a sequestered life,place their feelings in landscapes and wildness by living in a natural and ideal way,so as to preserve their individuality and refine their spirit. All these embody utterly in the gardening literature of the Six Dynasties.