孔子的乐教与美学思想

The Confucius’ Music Education and Aesthetic Ideology

乐教是孔子私学教育的重要内容和最后阶段,其根本目的在于培养具有'广博易良'品格的德才兼备的君子,发挥礼乐'移风易俗'的社会功效。孔子不仅引导其弟子鉴赏经典音乐作品,而且将乐教融汇到日常生活之中,业已失传的《乐经》则是孔子所使用的专门音乐教材。孔子的美学思想是其仁或忠恕思想、中庸思想在美学方面的体现,他强调音乐必须达到内容与形式的有机统一,达到中和,实现尽善尽美,以塑造天地万物全面和谐的世界秩序。

Music education is one of the important contents and the final stage in Confucius’private education,whose fundamental purpose is to foster gentlemen with integrity and ability of possessing amiable character and extensive knowledge and to transform established traditions and practices.Confucius not only guided his disciples to appreciate the classical music works,but also fused the music education into daily life.The lost The Book of Music had been used as the professional music teaching material by Confucius.Confucius’aesthetic ideology is the embodiment of his thought of benevolence or Loyalty and forgiveness and the golden mean in aesthetics.He stressed that music must achieve the unity between content and form,the neutralization and perfection to shape the comprehensive and harmonious orders within the universe.