儒家群己观的现代价值考察及应用尝试

The Study of Modern Value and Application about Confucian View of Social and Individual

群己关系是儒家的重要价值观之辨。当前,学术界对儒家群己观的认知存在两种观点:一、调和论。儒家对'群'与'己'并非偏于一端,而是取中而处。二、重群论。儒家的'己'以'群'为价值导向,并最终归趋于群。儒家群己观与现代群己观相比较,二者在以下几个方面存在区分:一、儒家群己观预设了'群'与'己'的价值统一,'和谐'为其取向;现代群己观预设了'群'与'己'的分离,'冲突'为其价值取向。二、儒家群己观是一种义务论;现代群己观则是一种权利论,并具有鲜明的'非价值'特征。三、在公共精神方面,儒家群己观的公私边界意识模糊和伦理特质使其无法生发出'公共性';现代群己观有着明确的公私边界,公共领域中权利规则取代了公共善,道德和价值被归属于私人领域,这使其从根本上否定了公共精神的合理性;现代社群主义、共和主义、保守主义等则力图重新复兴公共精神。客观认识儒家群己观,除了比较视角之外,还要求我们超越形而上学模式。在现实应用层面,儒家群己观对于建构中国梦的理论体系有着深刻的启迪。

The view of social and individual is an important part of Confucian values.At present,there are two views about Confucian View of social and individual:(1)the compromise theory:social and individual can coexist,all are important.(2)the theory of social is more important than individual:the value of social is the origin to individual.The Confucian view of social and individual compares with the modernization,there are several distinguishing:(1)the Confucianism supposes social and individual has the shared value,harmony is the target;the modernization supposes social and individual is opposing,conflict is the target.(2)the Confucianism is a kind of obligation theory;the modernization is a kind of rights theory.(3)about the public spirit,the Confucianism has no such resources because public-private boundary confusion and ethical qualities;the Liberalism has clear boundary about public-private,rights rules replaces the public good in public sphere,moral and value belongs to the private sphere,therefore,the Liberalism denies the rationality of public spirit;however,Communitarianism,Republicanism,Conservatism all hope to rejuvenate the public spirit.How to correctly know the Confucian view of social and individual?First,we need a comparative perspective;Second,we need to go beyond Metaphysics pattern.In the real application level,the theory is an enlightenment on the system construction about'Chinese Dream'.