摘要
客家人是南方讲客家话的特殊汉族民系 ,其来源学术界有一定争议。该研究对福建长汀的 14 8个客家男子做了遗传分析。从父系遗传的Y染色体SNP的主成分分析看 ,客家人与中原汉族最近 ,又偏向于苗瑶语族群中的畲族 ,不同于其他南方汉族偏向于侗台语族群。混合分析发现客家人数据结构中汉族结构占 80 2 % ,类畲族结构 13% ,类侗族结构 6 8%。各族M7个体Y STR单倍型的网络结构分析发现客家人中类苗瑶结构有两个来源 ,其一来自湖北 ,其一来自广东。客家人之类侗族结构应来自江西土著干越。客家人母系遗传的线粒体RegionV区段 9bp缺失频率为 19 7% ,与畲族很近 ,不同于中原汉族。客家人的主要成分应是中原汉人 ,畲族是对客家人影响最大的外来因素。与客家话中的苗瑶语特征相印证 ,客家人可能是古代荆蛮族的核心成分不断加上中原汉人移民形成的。客家话等南方汉语方言最初也可能是南方原住民语言在中原汉语不断影响下逐渐形成的。
Hakka is a distinctive Han Chinese population in Southern China speaking Hakkanese.The origin of Hakka has been controversial.In this report,we analyzed Y chromosomal markers in 148 Hakka males.Principle component analysis of Y SNP haplotype distribution shows Hakka is clustered strongly with the Han in Northern China,and is also close to She,a Hmong Mien speaking population,while the general Southern Han is fairly close to Daic populations.Admixture analysis revealed that the relative genetic contribution 80 2% (Han),13% (She) and 6 8% (Kam) in Hakka.The network of Y STR haplotype of M7 individuals in all concerned populations suggested two possible origins of Hmong Mien contribution in Hakka:One is from Hubei and the other is from Canton.The Kam contribution in Hakka is likely from Kan Yue,the ancient aborigine of Kiangsi (Jiangxi).The frequency of 9bp deletion in Region V of mitochondrial DNA of Hakka is 19 7%,which is quite close to She but far from Han.We therefore concluded that genetically the majority of Hakka gene pool shall come from North Han with She contributing the most among all non Han groups.Regarding the Hmong Mien character of Hakkanese,the genetic structure of Hakka shows their core may be Kimman,the ancient Hmong Mien.We hypothesized that a great number of Han people from North China join this population in succession.Southern Chinese dialects,such as Hakkanese may also be those languages of Southern aborigines at first,and turn to extant appearance under the continuance effect of Northern Chinese.
基金
国家自然科学基金九五计划重大项目 ( 3 9993 42 0 )
复旦大学学生科技创新活动基金 ( 2 0 0 1B1 60 3 )~~
