日语「Vてある」与汉语“V有”的考察

A Contrastive Study of Chinese“V-you”and Japanese“V-tearu”

现代日语中,动词テ形后接存在动词「ある」组成的「Vてある」构式表示动作行为结束后所产生的结果状态,是一种「結果相」。同样,现代汉语中,除了经常被讨论的'V了'构式和'V着'构式以外,'V有'构式也具备此用法。「Vてある」和'V有'在结构和功能上存在很多相似点,基本上都表示客体对象的存在状态,最容易进入这两种构式的动词都是他动性高的动词。但是,一部分主体变化动词可在'V有'中使用,而在「Vてある」中却显得不自然。

In modern Japanese,the construction“V-tearu”,“V-te”followed by“aru”,is the expression of an existing state resulting from some previous action.Meanwhile,such feature is also shared by“V-you”in Mandarin Chinese.In fact,many similarities can be pointed out between Japanese“V-tearu”and Chinese“V-you”.Basically,both of them have the object-oriented feature,and both of them are most frequently used with prototypical transitive verbs.However,it is pointed out that some mutative verbs can be naturally used with“V-you”,but not felicitously used with“V-tearu”.