近代日本女子教育的兴起—兼论东亚近代性问题—

Rise of the Modern School Education of Japanese Women:On the ModernityEast Asia

本文聚焦明治时期日本近代女子教育的兴起,兼论东亚近代性问题。从结论来看,明治时期日本导入近代女子教育并非一步到位,经历了最初的'无心栽花'及甲午战争后大力发展两个阶段。内容也从效仿欧美的'贤母论'演变为东西合璧式的'贤妻良母主义'女子教育思想。下田歌子作为近代日本著名的女子教育家,是将政府的教育理念与民众的现实状况连接在一起的关键性人物,她针对不同阶层的女性实施了灵活多样的教育实践。务实性、妥协性及天皇制国家至上主义,是近代日本女子教育推进历程中的重要特点。与日本相较,近代中国的女子教育亦着眼于国家与民族振兴,但实践过程及特点却与日本截然相异。

This essay focuses on the formation and practice of the theory on women’s education in modern Japan.It also analyses the Modernity East Asia.The development of women’s education in modern Japan during the Meiji period had not reached the goal in one step.Instead,it had gone through the initial stage of 'unintentionally development'and the second stage after the SinoJapanese War when the government attached great importance and devoted major efforts to developing the modern education of women.In terms of the content,it initially evolved from the total imitation of west’s'the concept of a dutiful mother'into the educational thought of'the concept of a dutiful wife and devoted mother',which was a combination of oriental and western theories.ShimodaUtako,a female educator who had a profoundinfluence on the society during the Meiji period,discerned that women of middle and lower class were important for the development of modern Japan.In accordance with various social strata of women,she carried out educational practice in a mannerappropriate to local conditions.The significant features in the evolution of the education of women in modern Japan are 'Practicality','Tendency towards compromise'and the Mikado-centric Nationalism.Compared to Japan,in modernChina,although the theory and practice of women’s education had concentrated on the nation and the revival of nationhood,it did not face up to the social reality in China or make any effective responses.