日本古典文学中的植物美学——从“花”“草”“木”诞生的文学

Aesthetics of Vegetation in Classical Japanese Literature——A Literary Tradition Originated from Flowers,Herbs and Trees

日本著名国文学者芳贺矢一博士在其论著《国民性十论》中论及日本国民对于植物和自然的亲切感受——'较之人际关系的羁绊,(日本国民)更倾向于亲近自然,并通过自然感悟人生。此特质贯穿了和歌引导下的包括军记物语、谣曲、净琉璃等等在内的整个日本古典文学'。这一国民性作为一种文学观念的传统被继承下来。换言之,日本国民的这种'亲植物性'不仅仅体现在衣食住行等物质生活等方面,更是上升到文学艺术创作和意识形态的层次。本论文,希望通过花、草、木中等具有代表性的植物意象为线索,探讨日本古典文学中的植物美学。

The eminent Japanese literary scholar Dr.Yaichi Haga discussed the intimate feelings of Japanese people about vegetation and the nature in his monograph'Ten Essays on National Character',in which he said that'compared to the complexity of interpersonal relations,(Japanese people)are more inclined to be close to the nature and to appreciate the meaning of life through it.And such a characteristic runs through the entire Japanese classical literature represented by Waka,including Gunki monogatari,Youkyoku,and Joruri,etc.'Furthermore,this national character has been inherited as a tradition of literary concept.In other words,this'intimacy for vegetation'of Japanese people is not only reflected in the material aspects of life such as clothing,food,housing and transportation,but is also elevated to the level of literary and artistic composition and ideology.This article tries to examine the aesthetics of vegetation in Japanese classical literature through clues of typical plant images such as flowers,herbs and trees.