解析《舞姬》中自我的多重性

Analyzing the Multiple Egos of Maihime

森鸥外所著《舞姬》在日本文学现代化转型过程中具有重要意义,其主人公丰太郎被视为经历了"现代自我"的"觉醒"与"挫折"的典型人物。以往研究大都将"挫折"归咎于丰太郎"性格软弱",偏重于将其作为"认知主体"加以把握。本文从"认知自我"、"感性自我"、"道德自我"三个层面进行探讨,认为丰太郎的"软弱"是一种善感的天性,也是从感性出发的对主体性的追求。丰太郎以文学青年的姿态肯定"感性自我",同时又以"士族"道德标准否定"感性自我"。而作为"认知主体"的自我,被裹挟于近代与反近代两种力量之间,陷入了深刻的危机。丰太郎多重自我之间的矛盾折射出明治社会价值观交汇冲突的复杂局面。

Maihime, written by Mori Ogai, is of great significance in the transitional period to the modernization of Japanese literature. Toyotaro, the protagonist in Maihime, is considered to have undergone the experiences of“awakening”and“frustration”in the“modern ego”. Most of the previous studies of the story have attributed Toyotaro’s“frustration”to his weakness of character, emphasizing that he is a“cognitive subject”. However, having explored the three different egos of the main character, i.e.“cognitive ego”,“sensual ego”and“moral ego”, this article advocates that Toyotaro’s“weakness”is his sensitive nature and is a result of his pursuit of subjectivity based on sensibility. Toyotaro approves of his“sensual ego”from the viewpoint of a literary youth, while he disapproves of the“sensual ego”from the perspective of Shizoku ethical standard. The ego of“cognitive subjectivity”has faced deep crises, as it is beset with modern and anti-modern forces. Toyotaro’s multiple self-contradictions have reflected the complicated conflicts among the social values of the Meiji era.