从焦点的观点看非条件句中「ナラ」的用法

A Study of “Nara” in Non-conditionals from the Viewpoint of the Focus

「ナラ」既有作为接续助词,接在一个句子后面构成条件句,表示条件的用法,也有接在一个名词(或副词)后面,构成非条件句,表示主题的用法。本论文从焦点的视角讨论非条件句中的「ナラ」的用法,考察条件句和主题句之间的关联。具体地本论文认为「ナラ」起着把聚光灯对准其前面名词(或副词等)X的作用,使X焦点化,但这只停留在主题提示阶段,它并没有使X成为句子的焦点,句子的焦点仍然在后项Y上。这和条件句中的「ナラ」呈现后项焦点的倾向是一致的。这样,对于非条件句中「ナラ」的所谓承前主题用法与焦点(或选择)用法之间的关联,以及非条件句的「ナラ」和条件句的「ナラ」的关联,就用了统一的视角进行了探讨。

“Nara”is used as a conjunctive particle connecting a sentence to form a conditional sentence, and it also can be used as a topic marker connecting a noun (or an adverb to form a non-conditional sentence). This paper discusses the usage of“nara”in non-conditionals to investigate the relation between conditional sentences and non-conditional sentences. Concretely, this paper considers that“nara”plays a role to direct a spotlight on the noun (or adverb) X, and makes it focusable. But the focusing is limited to the stage of the topic presentation. The focus of the whole sentence is also in Y. The same tendency is seen for“nara”in the conditional sentences where the focus is in the consequence. Thus, the relation between the two usages (so-called topic-marker and the focus or choice) of“nara”in the non-conditionals, and the relation between“nara”in the non-conditionals and in the conditionals is discussed from a similar viewpoint.