日语句末名词的句法特征及其意义分析

Syntactic Features and Semantic Meanings of the Japanese Final Noun

现代日语中存在一类特殊的句式,称为"句末名词句",如「彼は優しい性格だ」。句末名词句以"名词+ダ"结尾,谓语名词前面必须有定语成分,且句子主语和谓语之间不具有同一关系或包含关系。构成句末名词句的名词称为"句末名词"。本文从句法特征和意义特性两方面着手对句末名词进行了考察,结果发现句末名词除了一般名词所具有的句法特征外,还具有"必须有定语成分的帮助才能充当句子谓语"这一特征。另外,句末名词具有"实质性"、"非饱和性"、"事件性"、"动作性"以及"相对时间性"等意义特性。

There is a special sentence pattern in modern Japanese which is called the 'final noun sentence'. For example, in the final noun sentence'kare wa yasashii seikaku da', we see that the sentence is ended by'noun+da', and there must be a nominal modification before the noun. There is no coincidence relation or inclusive relation between the subject and the predicate. Nouns forming the final noun sentence are called'final noun'. This paper examines final nouns from their syntactic features and semantic characteristics, and finds that besides the syntactic features of common nouns, final nouns have another syntactic feature. It is that final nouns can be the predicate only when there is a nominal modification before it. In the aspect of semantic characteristic, final nouns have 'Content-characteristic', 'incompleteness-characteristic', 'event-characteristic', 'action-characteristic' and'Relative-time-characteristic'.