《古事记》序“化熊出爪”用典考释——兼论“爪”字之辨

" Kayuu tsume wo idete " of the Preface of Kojiki of Allusion——Concurrently Discuss the Word of "Tsume"

日本现存最早的书籍《古事记》序文中"化熊出爪"是全篇的大问题,而其中"爪"字究竟应为何字,历来也颇受争议。通过文献学的方法对其用典进行考证,可知"化熊出爪"的"化熊"源于中国鲧禹化熊的"化熊"母题,并受到东亚的"熊图腾"影响。进一步分析"化熊"的出典以及《古事记》本文中神武天皇东征至熊野村的记述,还可以分析熊作为蛰兽的复活意象,并由此可以探索"化熊出爪"的"爪"字之辨。

'Kayuu tsume wo idete(the bear which was turned from god holding out its paw)' of the preface of Kojiki is a big problem in the whole article, and there are many disputes about the problem what's the word of 'tsume(paw)'. Using the methods of philology to make a textual research, we can conclude that ' kayuu(the bear which was turned from god) ' come from the motif of Gun and Yu turn into a bear, and it is affected by bear totem of East Asia. We can also conclude resurrection imagery of bear, and figure out what's the word of ' tsume(paw)' by further analysis.