藤原定家“拉鬼体”和歌的美学风格

The Aesthetic Style of Teika Fujiwara's Waka of "Rakitai" Genre of Poetry

藤原定家的"拉鬼体"和歌在语言风格上与江西诗派的"瘦硬"诗风相似。"瘦硬"是相对于"肥软柔媚"而言,表现为拗折佶屈的词法句法、含蓄粗疏的意象以及阔大壮美的诗境。"拉鬼体"是和歌形式主义美学发展到一定阶段的必然产物,正如江西诗派注重法度是对"有法之法"的超越,"拉鬼体"是中世和歌对王朝和歌的一种超越、一种"活法",它折射出新古今时代的妖艳歌风开始转向中世和歌的平淡美这一时代风尚。

Teika Fujiwara’s"rakitai"of waka is similar to"thin-hard"style of Jiangxi poetry on the language style."Thin hard"is relative to the"fat soft gentle and lovely", appearing as not smooth and fluent lexical syntax, reserved imagery and deficient large grandeur of poem."Rakitai"is the fruit of Japanese waka formalism aesthetics development. It is as same as the Jiangxi poetry that pays great attention to statutes of method of the rhetoric of transcendence."Rakitai"in Medieval Japanese waka goes beyond to waka in Heian Dynasty. It is a kind of"alternative"and it reflects the trend of the times that the style of Xinkokin Japanese waka is turning to the beauty of plain.