关于表示推测的「ではないか」和「のではないか」

The Speculative Meaning of "dewanaika" and "nodewanaika"

デハナイカ和ノデハナイカ在国内的教材中处于一种非常混乱的状态,究其原因是因为国内外的研究将两者混为一谈。本文先回顾了デハナイカ的研究史,指出了其中的不足,并用语料库抽取的例句证实デハナイカ在接体言表示推测时,多伴有特定的形式,而当缺乏这种形式时,只能从前后语境判断,因此它的使用受到很大局限。对ノデハナイカ,笔者指出了它的两面性,即作为ノダ一员的一面和作为表示推测的一面,国内外研究的不足在于忽视了前者,而只关注后者。ノデハナイカ保持了ノダ的基本特性,在表示推测时必须以已经存在的某个事实作为判断的依据,在这点上和デハナイカ的直接的、无需任何前提的推测形成对比。虽然在接体言时也存在少量的デハナイカ替代ノデハナイカ的现象,从本质上来说两者还是基于不同信息来源的推测。

Just as Japanese language researchers have confused the use of dewanaika with nodewanaika, the two phrases are also used confusedly in China’s Japanese language textbooks. Based on a review of research focusing on dewanaika and its concordances from corpus, this paper argues that previous research on the phrases is inadequate. When linked with the substantives, dewanaika is generally used in particular form when it expresses a speculative meaning;and when that particular form is lacking, the meaning can only be discerned through its context, resulting in the limitation of its usage. This paper also points out the dual characteristics of nodewanaika:as a member of noda and as an expression of speculation. The problem of foreign studies is that the former usage is usually ignored while the latter becomes the only concern of researchers. Thus, this paper argues that nodewanaika maintains the basic characteristics of noda:it can only express the meaning of speculation on the basis of an already existing fact, which is in contrast with dewanaika's meaning of direct speculation without the need of any precondition. As for dewanaika, though only in a few occasions, it can replace nodewanaika when it is linked with the substantives. In essence, the speculative meanings of nodewanaika and dewanaika are based on two different sources of information.