两宋宫廷杂剧与民间杂剧的对立与互动

On Royal Zaju,Folk Zaju and Bachelor's Zaju of Song Dynasty's

在宋代杂剧研究领域,人们很少从文人曲与民间戏的角度,分析宋代宫廷杂剧与民间杂剧的内容倾向、表演形态、审美趣味的对立状态与互动倾向。从服务对象、演出内容、演出场地、表现形式、演出风格、欣赏趣味等方面来看,宋代杂剧分为宫廷杂剧和民间杂剧。宫廷杂剧为宫廷统治者服务,它讲究演出的仪式性、演出内容的颂扬性、欣赏趣味的多维性。民间杂剧包括士大夫杂剧和平民杂剧。士大夫杂剧具有家宴性质,用于家庭娱乐与招待宾客,讲究清雅、机趣,独重女音“浅斟低唱”的欣赏趣味;平民杂剧讲究热闹性,注重科诨效果。宫廷杂剧与民间杂剧并不是绝对对立的,宫廷杂剧艺人与民间杂剧艺人可以相互沟通,宫廷杂剧和民间杂剧在内容上还相互影响。宫廷杂剧、民间杂剧影响了后世的戏剧格局——元明清宫廷戏剧、士大夫堂会、民间戏剧。

Many scholars believe that there are Songzaju in Northern & Southern Song dynasty.But the author said that Songzaju should be divided into three kinds, this is to say, royal zaju, bachelor' s zaju and folk zaju. They are opposite, on the other hand they communicate, especially actor or actress study each other and performed zaju at the same stage, then the content of folk zaju inflect that of royal zaju.