银杏叶生物学特性研究

STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF GINKGO (GINKGO BILOBA L.) LEAVES

对大量成年银杏树和实生苗叶片形态及叶柄解剖结构的观察认为,银杏叶主要为扇形,还有相当部分的楔形叶、蒲扇形叶和心形叶,亦有少量的畸形叶,共5个类型;银杏叶片叶裂的深浅、叶裂数的多少是其在进化过程中系统发育的表现,在长枝的中上部叶片反映出原始性。在相近的生态环境条件下,银杏雌株长枝上叶片长和叶裂深显著小于雄株,而长枝粗长比显著大于雄株。银杏长枝上的叶片形状和叶柄维管束的形状有较多的类形,表现出丰富的生物学多样性,值得深入研究。银杏叶柄维管束周围树脂道就是"脂隙"或"油状空隙"的话,其有无不能作为其性别鉴定的依据。

The following results were obtained in an investigation of the morphology of the lamina and the anatomical structure of the petiole of the leaves of adult trees and young seedlings of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) Most of the leaves are fan-shaped, many are in cuneiform, cattail-leaf or heart shape, and a few are irregular in shape. The number of lobes and the depth of leaf division are the results of phylogenesis in the evolution of ginkgo. The leaves on the long branches are primitive. In similar ecological habitats, lamina length and division depth of the leaves are smaller and the ratio of thickness to length of the long branches is greater in the female plants than in the male plants. Considerable variations exist in the shape of lamina and petiole vascular bundles of the long branches, demonstrating rich biodiversity of ginkgo. Resin ducts are present around the vascular bundles in the petiole and, if they are the resin cavity' or 'resin-oil-cell space' as described in some works, their presence cannot be used as the indicator for distinguishing female plants from male plants.