中国农业非剩余劳动力转移决策机制及其对农业的影响

On the Migration Mechanism of China's Non - surplus Rural Labors and Its Effects on Agriculture Development

中国现阶段的乡—城迁移背景是,宏观上农业剩余劳动力问题严重的格局并没有改变,但由于超稳定的、超小规模均田制的作用,乡—城迁移者不仅包括农业剩余劳动力,也包括非农业剩余劳动力;结果,在许多农村地区出现了劳动力过剩与劳动力供给不足并存,或耕地资源短缺与耕地资源利用不足甚至闲置并存的矛盾。该两个问题的解决都将取决于中国是否能够在现阶段形成与快速城市化及国际化相适应的土地资源再配置机制,能否实现乡—城迁移条件下的富余耕地资源向种田专业户集中。

Because of the extra - small scale farming and the averagely owned cultivated land, at present not only the excessive rural labors but some of the labors necessary for farming development migrate into the urban in China's rural areas. Paradoxically there are a large scale surplus rural labors on the whole and the shortage of rural labors in some families or some areas at the same time. It seems necessary to build up a mechanism of cultivated land distribution in terms of the rapid urbanization, that is, let those with excessive labors or those who are good at farming have the excessive land of the families which are short of labors.