分散型流域农业非点源污染模型研究

Study on Distributed Model of Non-point Sources Pollution in Agriculture on Watershed Scale

本文以探讨农业非点源污染形成的主要机制和预测流域农业非点源污染为目标 ,从研究方法和实践应用两方面进行了深入的研究。以辽西地区典型农业小流域非点源污染形成的特点为基础 ,将机理与建模理论相结合 ,通过建立一个包含流域水文模型、产污模型、汇污模型等子模型的模型系统 ,进行农业非点源污染的预测。建模中针对流域内非点源污染现象的空间差异 ,采用分散参数结构的建模思想 ,运用一种以等级为基础 ,兼顾尺度效应的流域空间单元划分方法 ,同时还探讨了 GIS与模型相结合的途径 ,包括利用 GIS进行空间分析 ,建立和管理模型所需的数据库等。应用结果显示了该模型系统具有良好的适用性和灵活性。

This paper deals with the mechanism and predication of agricultural non-point source pollution on a watershed scale in theoretical and practical ways.Based on the forming-characteristics of non-point source pollution in agriculture in West Liaoning,integrating the mechanism with theory of modeling,a model system including watershed hydrological model,pollutant-yielding model and pollutant-converging model for predicting agricultural non-point source pollution is established.During the process of modeling,as the spatial difference is concerned,a distributed model structure is adopted,and a kind of watershed space unit dividing method is applied.In additional,the ways of applying GIS into modeling and the building of database needed for modeling are discussed too.The result of application shows the good suitability and flexibility of this model system.