冻结凿井法制冷系统的SD模型及冻结施工决策分析

SD MODEL OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR DECISION ANALYSES IN SHAFT FREEZING

以提高制冷效率、降低能耗、降低冻结费用为目的,通过对冻结凿井法制冷系统的全面系统分析和对大量冻结站运转资料的统计处理,运用系统动力学(System Dynamics)的原理与方法,建立了冻结凿井法制冷系统的SD模型。利用该模型可对冻结施工过程中的重要决策问题,如开工时间、降温速度等进行动态仿真。文中还给出了年运转台班总数、总装机容量、年均制冷系数、直接冷损率、最大供冷期直接冷损率、最大供冷期制冷系数及间接冷量损失7项技术经济指标。根据这些指标,可对不同决策的仿真结果进行分析评价。通过陈四楼矿井主井井筒冻结制冷系统的仿真模拟得知,冻结初期盐水温度的降低速度是影响冻结站装机容量以及制冷系统前期工作效果的重要因素。该算例得出的其它几点结论也富有一定的启发性。

The purposes of this article are to improve the refrigeration efficiency, to cut down the energy consumption and to reduce the refrigeration cost.By using the principles and method of system dynamics(SD),and based on statistical data a SD model for refrigeration system in freezing is set up for analyzing the refrigeration system.With this SD model we can simulate dynamically some important decisions made in freezing,e.g.the time for start up of refrigeration and proper rate of cooling.Seven technical and economic indices are given.They are:total yearly operating shift hours,total installed capacity of refrigerators,yearly mean refrigeration coefficient,direct cooling loss ratio,direct cooling loss ratio in the period of maximum cooling supply,refrigerating coefficient in the period of maximum cooling supply and indirect cooling loss ratio.With these indices we can simulate results of different decisions.The SD model was used to simulate a refrigeration system in a main shaft of Chensilou Colliery.The result obtained showed that the important factor which affected the installed capacity of refrigerators in the refrigeration plant and working efficiency was the cooling rate of brine temperature in the initial period of freezing.Other results of the example were also useful.