“内外有别”——日语交际中重要的文化因素

To Treat Differently within or out of the Family"——An Important Cultural Factor of Communication in Japanese

语言是文化的载体,同时语言又受文化的影响,反映文化,反映一个民族的文化特征。外语学习者在学习一门语言的同时,也应理解该门语言所包含的文化韵味,否则就不能正确、得体、自如地与外国人进行交流。在日语所表现出来的众多文化特征中,对其影响最大的则是"内外有别"意识,即常提到的日语交际中应注意的"内亲外敬"原则。通过分析和探讨"内外有别"意识的形成根源、社会定义及语言表现,即"内外有别"意识对敬语使用、人称代词、授受关系等各方面的影响,指出"内外有别"意识是影响日语交际的最重要的文化因素,它决定和规范了日本人的思维、心理、语言方式及行为模式。

Language is the bearer of the culture and accordingly affected by the culture.It is part of the culture of a particular people and is reflection of the cultural features.Therefore,for successful communication,a foreign language learner is supposed to adequately understand the cultural elements of the target culture. Among the known cultural features that are characteristic of the Japanese Language,the notion 'to treat differently within or out of the family' comes the first to be noted,which refers to showing love to the family members and simply showing respect to the nonfamily members according to the situation.In this paper,the author presents the research of the formation of the notion 'to treat differently within or out of the family' and its origin,its notable impact on the usage of the respectful phrases,the pronouns and the relationship between 'offering' and 'receiving'.The author concludes that the said notion is a dominant cultural factor that imposes a profound influence on the communication in Japanese language and determines and regularizes the Japanese in their thinking pattern,their psychological language and behavior.