重在“避恶”——论一种消极的政治观

Emphasis on Avoiding Evil——On a Passive Political Idea

本文以亚里士多德、马基雅维里和洛克为例,论述一种消极的政治观,即:在观念层面上,它不提倡有“远大”目标,不觊觎上帝的世界;在经验层面上,它以人性恶为论证前提并提出防范权力滥用的主张;在制度层面上,它将政权的合法性建立在对个人自由的保障和为他们实现各自的理想提供充分的条件上。这种消极的政治观对于近现代的政治转型具有决定性的意义,对民主政治的形成影响很大。

The article will take Aristotle Machiavelli and Locke for examples to explain the passive political idea. For the idea level, it gives highly worship to religion and concludes that it is impossible and unnecessary to usurp the role of God. For the experience level, it points out that the human evil motivates the limitless desire for power in political affairs. For the system level,the govemment permits the citizens to demonstrate their ambitions, and laws and institution protect citizens from invading. This passive political idea takes the key role in the modem history and affects greatly the demoratic politics.