极地海洋钻探研究进展

PROGRESS OF OCEAN DRILLING IN POLAR REGIONS

南极和北极海域的深海钻探(DSDP)和大洋钻探(ODP)研究所取得的成就是举世瞩目的,为人类研究过去全球变化打开了新的视野。它们揭示了北大西洋高纬度海区新近纪的古海洋学和古气候的演化历史,发现了早更新世"41ka世界"千年尺度的气候波动,以及冰期表层水温与深层水的耦合颤动,说明冰期旋回中冰消期气候的不稳定性。检验了新近纪环南极洋流的形成历史,并揭示了南极新生代的气候变冷和冰盖的演变历史,以及证实了南大洋温度变化领先于全球冰量的变化。2004年北极罗蒙诺索夫脊的综合大洋钻探(IODP)将宣告科学探索新时代的到来,其研究将重建北冰洋新生代环境变化和气候的演变历史,展示北冰洋在全球气候变化中的作用。

Achievements made by Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) in the Antarctic and Arctic regions are the focus of world attention, opening a new insight for the past global change study. They reveal the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic evolutionary history during the Neogene in the high latitude of the North Atlantic, find the millennial timescale climatic variability during the early Pleistocene '41 ka world' and couple the oscillation between surface temperature and deep water during the glacial periods, indicating the climatic instability of deglaciation during the glacial and interglacial cycles. They also test the formation history of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, uncover the Cenozoic climate cooling and the evolutionary history of ice sheet in the Antarctic and confirm the 'lead' of Southern Ocean temperature with respect to global ice volume, based on minimum planktonic δ18O values and increases in SST estimated by transfer functions lead the minimum in benthic δ18O by several thousand years at glacial terminations. The Arctic Lomonsov ridge which will be visited by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) in 2004 will declare in a new era of scientific exploration. The sediment study on the ridge will reconstruct the Cenozoic environmental change and climate evolutionary history in the Arctic and usher the role of the Arctic in global climate change.