关于假借与通假之管见

Humble Opinion on Phonetic Loan Characters and Interchangeability of Chinese Characters

在《古代汉语》和《医古文》中 ,“假借”与“通假”名相类而义相近 ,容易混为一谈。假借是一种只产生新义却不产生新字的造字方法 ;通假是一种根据音同音近的关系而临时借用汉字的用字方法。在有无本字方面 ,假借没有本字的同音借用 ,一旦借用 ,永不归还。通假是在有本字的前提下的同音、近音借用 。

In ANCIENT CHINESE LANGUAGE and ANCIENT MEDICAL LITERATURE, “phonetic loan characters” and “interchangeability of Chinese characters belong to the same category in terms of names, and are similar in meanings, therefore are confusing. The former gives rise to new meaning without new characters, while the latter “borrows” characters temporarily based on homonyms. The former involves no “borrowing” of homophones, and never “returns” once a character is “borrowed”. The latter “borrows” and “returns” homophones.