外商投资与国际贸易对中国沿海地区资源环境的影响

The impact of foreign direct investment and international trade on natural resource s and environment development in the coastal regions of China

论文从定性描述和定量描述的角度,分别对外商投资和国际贸易对沿海地区的资源环境影响进行分析。通过研究发现,尽管在产值总量上,外商投资和国际贸易对沿海地区的资源压力和环境污染做出“贡献”,但是从弹性系数角度,外商投资和国际贸易对地区资源压力和环境污染的影响在逐渐减缓,表明外商投资和国际贸易并不是导致我国沿海地区资源环境压力加大的“罪魁祸首”,反而是减缓这种压力的主要贡献力量。但是,不可否认,在我国接受经济全球化影响的早期阶段,由于部分地区急于吸引外资,以及我国环境管理体系的不完善,的确在某些方面,外资和外贸对沿海地区的资源和环境造成了负面影响。

The last several decades have witnessed increasing foreign direct investment (FDI)of transnational corporations from the developed countries into the developing countries and hence the rapid growth of international trade of the latter.The huge FDI influx have brought capital,technologies and management experiences to the developing countries and promoted their economic growth.On the one hand,the comparatively advanced production technologies with FDI inflow can help reduce industrial pollution in the developing countries;on the other hand,it may transfer pollution industries to these countries because they generally have loose control over industrial waste discharge.Moreover,the loose environmental regulations in the developing countries let firms enjoy a low production cost because of less pollution treatments,which in turn may make these countries specialized in the production and exportation of pollution-intensive products.Since the Opening and Reform in1978,especially from1992onwards,the coastal region of China has registered the fastest economic growth rate in the country,which can be partly attributed to the participation of the country in economic globalization.In the meantime,the pressures from environmental degradation and natural resources scarcity in the coastal region have been getting more and more intensified as a result of fast economic growth.Thus it is very important for decision-makers to understand the contributions of FDI inflow and export growth to the intensified environmental and resources pressures.It is from such a point of view that we will analyze the relationship between FDI inflow and international trade and the natural resources consumption and industrial waste discharge in the coastal region in China.Our major findings are that,in general,FDI-involved enterprises and exports have contributed less than domestic enterprises and domestic sales to the intensification of natural resources and environmental pressures in terms of the amount of resources consumption and industrial waster discharge per unit of industrial output or export value,though they have indeed contributed a lot to the total amount of natural resources consumption and industrial waste discharge.It should be noted,however,the findings can not be attributed only to the comparatively advanced production technologies of FDI-involved enterprises and the high environmental requirements of exported goods,but also to the sectoral structure of FDI and export.