三角帆蚌疾病流行病学研究

Study on the disease epidemiology of Hyriopsis cumingii

1994-2002年,通过对1695个蚌病病例流行病学资料的收集、临床诊断以及病理学、病原学检查,基本探明了蚌病的主要寄生性和细菌性病原生物,同时发现了腔肠动物等主要敌害生物;初步提出了三角帆蚌疾病种类及其相应发病率。蚌病与鱼病的周年流行规律有明显不同,每年的3-9月为蚌病高发期,与三角帆蚌月龄亦有相关性:手术接种后1～2个月,14～15个月,20～23个月为明显的蚌病高发阶段。统计结果还表明蚌病发生与手术消毒、施肥等日常管理操作及水体生态环境密切相关。蚌病一般呈"亚急性"或"慢性"型,不应统称为"蚌瘟"病。忽视寄生虫危害的严重性,可能是蚌病防治难的重要因素。

During 1994-2002,the main parasitical and bacterial pathogens and some harmful organism such as coelenterate were preliminarily found out by collection materials of the epidemic disease of Hyriopsis Cumingii and Clinic diagnoses and pathological & pathogentic tests. The types of diseases and incidence of disease are initially found. The epidemic rules of mussel disease and fish disease are different. Mussel disease most likely happens from May to September each year, which is also related to the month age of the mussel. The mussels are in danger of disease in the first and second months, the fourteenth and fifteenth months and twentieth & twentythird months after operation, statistical results showed that mussels disease is closly linked to the daily management operation such as operation antisepsis and fertilizing and the biological environment of water. Mussel diseases are usually 'subacute' or 'chronic' ones. It should not be called 'plague'. Ignoring the seriousness of parasite is probably a major factor of the difficulties in preventing & treating the mussel diseases.