试析盛京内务府户口(1644——1796)

An Examination of the Shengjing Imperial Household Department's Population Registers (1644-1796)

本文根据《盛京内务府户口册》、《黑图档》、《满州旧惯调查报告书》等文献 ,对于《盛京内务府户口册》册载人群的来源、在八旗制度中所处的地位及人丁编审制度特点等进行分析 ,认为盛京内务府实行的是等级包衣管理体制 ,包衣除身份低贱的在档奴仆外 ,还有正身旗人。由于内务府正身旗人兼有包衣身份 ,较之盛京旗人 (驻防 )和州县民人地位低下 ,并承担着更为繁重的差徭 ,所以 ,对内务府正身旗人的人口行为及社会组织的研究结论 ,在中国乃至东北并不具有普遍意义。

The Shengjing Imperial Household Registers recorded demographic data on individuals at three year intervals The registers include individual information on the relationship to household head, name, age, marital status, death, and migration Although many scholars have used these data, some basic information is unclear, such as the form of household register data and the sources, identity, and political and economical status of people, among other things In this essay the author examines the records of individuals included in the imperial household registers during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in an effort to clarify some of these issues